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<meta property="og:description" content="1.1 什么是canal​	阿里巴巴 B2B 公司，因为业务的特性，卖家主要集中在国内，买家主要集中在国外，所以衍生出了同步杭州和美国异地机房的需求，从 2010 年开始，阿里系公司开始逐步的尝试基于数据库的日志解析，获取增量变更进行同步，由此衍生出了增量订阅&amp;消费的业务。​	Canal 是用 Java 开发的基于数据库增量日志解析，提供增量数据订阅&amp;消费的中间件。目前。Canal">
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</head><body><div id="web_bg"></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="avatar-img is-center"><img src="/kirito/img/avatar.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='/img/friend_404.gif'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="sidebar-site-data site-data is-center"><a href="/kirito/archives/"><div class="headline">Articles</div><div class="length-num">21</div></a><a href="/kirito/tags/"><div class="headline">Tags</div><div class="length-num">12</div></a><a href="/kirito/categories/"><div class="headline">Categories</div><div class="length-num">8</div></a></div><hr class="custom-hr"/><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> 首頁</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 時間軸</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> 標籤</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分類</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page group" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-heartbeat"></i><span> 清單</span><i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="menus_item_child"><li><a class="site-page child" href="/kirito/Gallery/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-images"></i><span> 照片</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/link/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link"></i><span> 友鏈</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="post" id="body-wrap"><header class="post-bg" id="page-header" style="background-image: url('/kirito/img/artical4.jpg')"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog-info"><a href="/kirito/" title="牵风散步の雲"><span class="site-name">牵风散步の雲</span></a></span><div id="menus"><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> 首頁</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 時間軸</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> 標籤</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/categories/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-folder-open"></i><span> 分類</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page group" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fa-fw fa fa-heartbeat"></i><span> 清單</span><i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="menus_item_child"><li><a class="site-page child" href="/kirito/Gallery/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-images"></i><span> 照片</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/kirito/link/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link"></i><span> 友鏈</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><a class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">Canal</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">Created</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2023-06-26T05:53:08.133Z" title="Created 2023-06-26 13:53:08">2023-06-26</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">Updated</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2023-08-14T14:31:19.294Z" title="Updated 2023-08-14 22:31:19">2023-08-14</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/kirito/categories/canal/">canal</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="Canal"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">Post View:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h1 id="1-1-什么是canal"><a href="#1-1-什么是canal" class="headerlink" title="1.1 什么是canal"></a>1.1 什么是canal</h1><p>​	阿里巴巴 B2B 公司，因为业务的特性，卖家主要集中在国内，买家主要集中在国外，所以衍生出了同步杭州和美国异地机房的需求，从 2010 年开始，阿里系公司开始逐步的尝试基于数据库的日志解析，获取增量变更进行同步，由此衍生出了增量订阅&amp;消费的业务。<br>​	Canal 是用 Java 开发的基于数据库增量日志解析，提供增量数据订阅&amp;消费的中间件。目前。Canal 主要支持了 MySQL 的 Binlog 解析，解析完成后才利用 Canal Client 来处理获得的相关数据。（数据库同步需要阿里的 Otter 中间件，基于 Canal）。</p>
<h1 id="1-2-MySQL的Binlog"><a href="#1-2-MySQL的Binlog" class="headerlink" title="1.2 MySQL的Binlog"></a>1.2 MySQL的Binlog</h1><h2 id="1-2-1-什么是Binlog"><a href="#1-2-1-什么是Binlog" class="headerlink" title="1.2.1 什么是Binlog"></a>1.2.1 什么是Binlog</h2><p>​	MySQL 的二进制日志可以说 MySQL 最重要的日志了，它记录了所有的 DDL 和 DML(除了数据查询语句)语句，以事件形式记录，还包含语句所执行的消耗的时间，MySQL 的二进制日志是事务安全型的。<br>​	一般来说开启二进制日志大概会有 1%的性能损耗。二进制有两个最重要的使用场景: </p>
<ul>
<li>其一：MySQL Replication 在 Master 端开启 Binlog，Master 把它的二进制日志传递给 Slaves来达到 Master-Slave 数据一致的目的。</li>
<li>其二：自然就是数据恢复了，通过使用 MySQL Binlog 工具来使恢复数据。</li>
</ul>
<p>二进制日志包括两类文件：二进制日志索引文件（文件名后为.index）用于记录所有的二进制文件，二进制日志文件（文件名后缀为.00000*）记录数据库所有的 DDL 和 DML(除了数据查询语句)语句事件。</p>
<h2 id="1-2-2-Binlog的分类"><a href="#1-2-2-Binlog的分类" class="headerlink" title="1.2.2 Binlog的分类"></a>1.2.2 Binlog的分类</h2><p>MySQL Binlog 的格式有三种，分别是 <strong>STATEMENT</strong>,<strong>MIXED</strong>,<strong>ROW</strong>。在配置文件中可以选择配置 binlog_format&#x3D; statement|mixed|row。三种格式的区别：</p>
<ol>
<li>statement：语句级，binlog 会记录每次一执行写操作的语句。相对 row 模式节省空间，但是可能产生不一致性，比如“update tt set create_date&#x3D;now()”，如果用 binlog 日志进行恢复，由于执行时间不同可能产生的数据就不同。<br>优点：节省空间。<br>缺点：有可能造成数据不一致。</li>
<li>row：行级， binlog 会记录每次操作后每行记录的变化。<br>优点：保持数据的绝对一致性。因为不管 sql 是什么，引用了什么函数，他只记录执行后的效果。<br>缺点：占用较大空间。</li>
<li>mixed：statement 的升级版，一定程度上解决了，因为一些情况而造成的 statement模式不一致问题，默认还是 statement，在某些情况下譬如：当函数中包含 UUID() 时；包含AUTO_INCREMENT 字段的表被更新时；执行 INSERT DELAYED 语句时；用 UDF 时；会按照ROW 的方式进行处理<br>优点：节省空间，同时兼顾了一定的一致性。<br>缺点：还有些极个别情况依旧会造成不一致，另外 statement 和 mixed 对于需要对binlog 的监控的情况都不方便。</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>综合上面对比，Canal 想做监控分析，选择 row 格式比较合适。</strong></p>
<h1 id="1-3-Canal的工作原理"><a href="#1-3-Canal的工作原理" class="headerlink" title="1.3 Canal的工作原理"></a>1.3 Canal的工作原理</h1><h2 id="1-3-1-MySQL主从复制过程"><a href="#1-3-1-MySQL主从复制过程" class="headerlink" title="1.3.1 MySQL主从复制过程"></a>1.3.1 MySQL主从复制过程</h2><p>1）Master 主库将改变记录，写到二进制日志(Binary Log)中；<br>2）Slave 从库向 MySQL Master 发送 dump 协议，将 Master 主库的 binary log events 拷贝到它的中继日志(relay log)；<br>3）Slave 从库读取并重做中继日志中的事件，将改变的数据同步到自己的数据库。</p>
<img src="/kirito/2023/06/26/Canal/1687760042218.png" class="" width="1687760042218">



<h2 id="1-3-2-Canal的工作原理"><a href="#1-3-2-Canal的工作原理" class="headerlink" title="1.3.2 Canal的工作原理"></a>1.3.2 Canal的工作原理</h2><p>很简单，就是把自己伪装成 Slave，假装从 Master 复制数据。</p>
<h1 id="1-4-使用场景"><a href="#1-4-使用场景" class="headerlink" title="1.4 使用场景"></a>1.4 使用场景</h1><ol>
<li>原始场景： 阿里 Otter 中间件的一部分</li>
</ol>
<p>Otter 是阿里用于进行异地数据库之间的同步框架，Canal 是其中一部分。1</p>
<img src="/kirito/2023/06/26/Canal/1687764691824.png" class="" width="1687764691824">

<ol start="2">
<li>常见场景 1：更新缓存</li>
</ol>
<img src="/kirito/2023/06/26/Canal/1687764720225.png" class="" title="Canal">

<ol start="3">
<li>常见场景 2：抓取业务表的新增变化数据，用于制作实时统计（我们就是这种场景）</li>
</ol>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">Author: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://kirito2493381254.gitee.io/kirito">牵风散步の雲</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">Link: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://kirito2493381254.gitee.io/kirito/2023/06/26/Canal/">https://kirito2493381254.gitee.io/kirito/2023/06/26/Canal/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">Copyright Notice: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">All articles in this blog are licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> unless stating additionally.</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/kirito/tags/canal/">canal</a></div><div class="post_share"><div class="social-share" 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class="toc-link" href="#1-1-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AFcanal"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.1 什么是canal</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-MySQL%E7%9A%84Binlog"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2 MySQL的Binlog</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-1-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AFBinlog"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2.1 什么是Binlog</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-2-Binlog%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.2.2 Binlog的分类</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-Canal%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.3 Canal的工作原理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-1-MySQL%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%8E%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.3.1 MySQL主从复制过程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-2-Canal%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.3.2 Canal的工作原理</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-4-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.4 使用场景</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>Recent Post</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/kirito/2023/08/09/MySQL%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E7%AF%87/" title="MySQL事务"><img src="/kirito/img/artical3.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/kirito/img/404.jpg'" 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